Pragmatism in research is characterized by which of the following?

Pragmatism in research emphasizes practical approaches and solutions that work effectively in real-world scenarios. This perspective prioritizes the application of knowledge, emphasizing the importance of determining what is effective in practice rather than being confined to a specific methodological approach, theoretical framework, or type of data. Therefore, focusing on what works in practice aligns perfectly with the principles of pragmatism, which seeks to blend methods and ideas to address complex issues and produce meaningful outcomes.

The other options, while relevant to various research approaches, do not encapsulate the essence of pragmatism. Reliance solely on qualitative data or strict adherence to theoretical frameworks would limit the pragmatic approach, which advocates for flexibility in choosing methods based on their effectiveness in addressing the research questions at hand. Emphasis on participant consent is important in ethical research practices but does not specifically characterize pragmatism itself; rather, it pertains to ethical considerations across all research methodologies.